I. Diabetes: Concept and types of disease
Diabetes, also known as diabetes mellitus, is an endocrine disease in which the body cannot regulate blood sugar levels normally. This occurs when the body does not produce enough insulin or does not use insulin effectively. There are two main types of diabetes: type 1 diabetes (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM).
- Type 1 diabetes (T1DM): This is a type of diabetes caused by the immune system attacking the pancreas, weakening or stopping insulin production. Diabetes mellitus is often detected at a young age and requires patients to use insulin regularly to control blood sugar.
- Type 2 diabetes (T2DM): This is the more common type of diabetes, accounting for the majority of diabetes cases. Type 2 diabetes occurs when the body does not use insulin effectively. The main causative factors of type 2 diabetes include genetics, unhealthy lifestyle and endocrine problems.
II. Signs of diabetes
Knowing the signs of diabetes is important so you can detect it early and seek diagnosis and treatment from your doctor. Here are some key signs of diabetes:
- Increased appetite and thirst: The body tries to eliminate sugar through urine, leading to dehydration and a constant feeling of thirst.
- Frequent and frequent urination: The patient urinates more than usual, especially at night. This occurs when sugar in the blood exceeds the kidneys' ability to absorb it.
- Fatigue and poor health: The body's ability to use sugar to produce energy is limited, leading to fatigue and overall health decline.
- Sudden weight loss: The body cannot use sugar and fat effectively, causing sudden weight loss.
- Slow wound healing: High blood sugar can affect the wound healing process, causing inflammation and slow healing.
III. Causes of diabetes
The main causes of diabetes can be linked to the following factors:
- Genetics: There is a correlation between genetics and diabetes. If a family member has the disease, the risk of diabetes increases.
- Unhealthy lifestyle: Unhealthy diet, lack of physical activity, and excessive weight gain can increase the risk of diabetes.
- Endocrine problems: Endocrine problems such as thyroid hormone disorders, increased cortisol or decreased growth hormone can contribute to diabetes.
- Some other factors: Age, race (such as people of color), diabetes during pregnancy, and other endocrine diseases can also increase the risk of diabetes.
IV. Dangerous complications of diabetes
If not controlled and treated properly, diabetes can cause many dangerous health complications. Below are some dangerous complications of diabetes:
- Neuropathy: Diabetes can cause damage to the nervous system, causing symptoms such as pain and numbness in the lower limbs, legs and arms.
- Cardiovascular disease: Diabetics have a higher risk of cardiovascular diseases such as angina, stroke and heart failure.
- Kidney failure: Diabetes can gradually weaken kidney function, causing kidney failure and can lead to chronic kidney failure.
- Impaired vision: Dry eyes, conjunctivitis and even vision loss can occur due to diabetes-related problems.
- Bleeding and infection: Wounds on the body caused by diabetes can increase the risk of bleeding and infection.
Above is some basic information about diabetes, including concepts, types of disease, signs, causes and dangerous complications. To maintain good health, it is important to understand diabetes and take steps to prevent and manage the disease properly. Always seek advice and treatment from medical professionals.
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